Activation policies and the European Social Model
Activation policies and the European Social Model
This chapter starts with a discussion of the factors leading to welfare reform in the US, including the moral and economic crises perceived by both liberal and conservative lawmakers. The next sections include information on the outcomes of welfare reform in the US. Attention is given to information on the overall effects of welfare reform on recipients, the effects of time limits and sanctions, and how agencies have adapted to administer workfare programmes. The effects of privatisation on the provision of services to clients are also discussed. The chapter traces the development of active labour policies in Western Europe. The last section of the chapter describes the Western European experience, including the administration of workfare programmes and effects on clients. It is shown that programmes in the US and Western Europe suffer from many of the same administrative problems.
Keywords: labour, employment, social welfare, welfare, USA, Western Europe, labour policy, workfare programmes
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