This chapter examines extreme forms of child labour in Turkey, focusing on forced labour and child trafficking. The process through which these children are made to work is revealed as closely related to child slavery. Forced labour is a long-standing practice from northwestern Turkey of parents hiring children to better-off farmers. The other, a more recent phenomenon, involves children being trafficked to big cities and forced to join criminal rings. Both forced labour and child trafficking are consequences of poverty, but the possibilities for child exploitation are enhanced by the instability and lack of monitoring associated with the internal displacement of families. While agencies are becoming aware of the problem, their response is compromised by having little understanding of the fact that forced migration underpins many of the difficulties faced by children.