New urban poverty and new welfare provision: China’s dibao system
New urban poverty and new welfare provision: China’s dibao system
This chapter begins with a focus on the historical context for China’s policymaking domain – China’s structural transition since the mid-1980s from a command- to a market economy. As a result, it bears witness to a shift from egalitarianism to the acceptance of competition and consequently unequal socio-economic outcomes, as well as the retreat of the state from welfare provision. It is under these conditions that poverty has re-emerged as a “problem” in the public discourse, which may have accordingly shaped the psycho-social dimensions of poverty alleviation. The problem of urban poverty has been heightened from the late 1990s as a result of the massive restructuring and privatization of the state-owned-enterprises, which have led to thousands of industrial workers being laid off. The chapter ends with a discussion of the nature, manifestations and causes of urban poverty in China. Such backgrounds provide the broader context within which poverty alleviation measures have been conceptualized.
Keywords: China, structural transition, market liberalization, urban poverty, economic restructuring
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