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This book provides the first comprehensive examination of the practice of policy analysis in Belgium and its federated entities. The book integrates available and new knowledge about the science, art, and craft of policy analysis by all relevant policy actors at different levels of government. The book’s investigation of policy analysis in and outside government in Belgium highlights key comparative features of policy analysis in federal systems, in polities with a neo-corporatist consensus tradition in policy-making, and in countries with partitocratic features. The book also adds to a comparative understanding of how such international trends towards professionalizing policy analysis, and towards greater participation and co-production are translated into specific contexts. It also reveals whether there is any ground to claim that European member states are converging their policy-analytical styles under the pressures of Europeanisation.

Immigration has transformed the social, economic, political and cultural landscapes of global cities such as London, Melbourne, Milan and Amsterdam. The term 'superdiversity' captures a new era of migration-driven demographic diversifications and associated complexities. Superdiversity is the future or, in many cases, the current reality of neighbourhoods, cities, countries and regions, yet the implications of superdiversification for governance and policy have, until now, received very little attention. This book explores the ways in which superdiversity has shaped the development of policy and considers challenges for the future. It begins with an overview of superdiversity. Patterns of migration to high-income countries until the 1990s mainly consisted of many migrants coming from a few countries to a small number of places. Around the turn of the 1990s, a new pattern of migration and associated diversification was observed. Since its inception, the concept of 'superdiversity' was meant to move beyond an observation of ethnic and national diversity, to capture the multidimensional aspect of the processes of diversification driven by new migration. The book critically assesses an 'intercultural policy turn' evident in many European cities, and then examines whether governance mainstreaming forms a suitable policy response to situations of superdiversity. It moves on to assess transmigration and how local urban governance has come to incorporate migration-driven superdiversity in policies. The book concludes with an assessment of how the urban setting conditions emerging us/them distinctions at the neighbourhood level. The analysis involves paying particular attention to the nature and make-up of backlash narratives, as these essentially represent localised responses to changing power dynamics and resource allocations.