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Using interviews with women from diverse backgrounds, the author of this book makes an invaluable contribution to the debates around the gendered politics of austerity in the UK. Exploring the symbiotic relationship between the state's legitimization of austerity and women's everyday experiences, the book reveals how unjust policies are produced, how alternatives are silenced and highlights the different ways in which women are used or blamed. By understanding austerity as more than simply an economic project, the book fills important gaps in existing knowledge on state, gender and class relations in the context of UK austerity. Delivering a timely account of the misconceptions of policies, discourses and representations around austerity in the UK, the book illustrates the complex ways through which austerity is experienced by women in their everyday lives.

Beer in the United States has always been bound up with race, racism, and the construction of white institutions and identities. This unique book carves a much-needed critical and interdisciplinary path to examine and understand the racial dynamics in the craft beer industry and the popular consumption of beer. The book's guiding theoretical perspectives are race and the founding of the United States; racial ideology and the boundaries of Americanity; the production of (beer as) culture; and cultural diversity and brewing. It begins with an overview of the whiteness of craft beer. Looking at the history of beer and its origin stories in the 'new world' shows that beer in the United States has always been bound up with race, racism, and the construction of white institutions and identities. Given the very quick and meteoric rise of the craft beer industry, as well as the myopic scholarly focus on economic and historical trends in the industry, the book states that there is an urgent need to take stock of the intersectional inequalities that such realities gloss over.

At a time when criminal justice systems appear to be in a permanent state of crisis, in this collection leading scholars from criminology and theology have come together to challenge criminal justice orthodoxy by questioning the dominance of retributive punishment. The book is a timely and unique contribution that considers alternatives which draw on Christian ideas of hope, mercy and restoration, rather than the norms of punishment, pain and retribution. Contributions focus on punishment, although wider criminal justice concerns in policing and probation, as well as mental health and surveillance are also considered. Promoting cross-disciplinary learning, the book is of interest to academics and students of criminology, public theology, socio-legal studies, legal philosophy and religious studies, as well as practitioners and policy makers. If the ideas discussed in this book are taken seriously they offer a fundamental challenge to the contemporary view of criminal justice.

This book conveys the ideas behind procedural justice theory as they apply to policing. It sets out important but complex ideas in jargon-free language to non-specialist readers with an interest in policing – including serving police officers and police recruits as they embark on a degree-level entry programme into the police service. The book’s main message is that public trust in the police builds police legitimacy, and people comply with the law and cooperate with the police when they see the police as legitimate. It argues that public trust in the police serves as the bedrock of police legitimacy. Procedural justice theory provides an account of the reasons why people obey the law that stresses the importance of fair and respectful treatment of the public, and an alignment between policing practice and people’s moral standards. It provides a narrative about crime control that questions the tough ‘no-nonsense’ solutions that politicians often reach for when crime problems emerge. The book’s main policy recommendations are that policing strategies and tactics should always be assessed against criteria of legitimacy, and that the quality of treatment in police contacts with the public is one of the keys to good policing.

This book provides a unique study on the lower ranks of the Afghan police force due to the lack of empirical evidence of what attributes to the causes, practices and consequences of corruption in this institution. The book is divided into a number of sections. It commences with an understanding of how corruption, and narrowly police corruption, impact on the police force, state legitimacy and the strategies in place to mitigate such problems as part of broader security and post-conflict reconstruction initiatives. The theoretical framework comprises political, economic and cultural drivers of police corruption by drawing on semi-structured interviews with elites and a survey and structured interview conducted with street-level police officers. The findings infer that weak oversight and low pay are causes of police corruption which intensify bribery and roadside extortion. The lack of professionalism, partly due to short and unclear training, and patronage are deemed as meanings of police corruption. In terms of motivation, there is no sense of pride in Afghan policing to fulfil a clear mandate. Moreover, non-meritocratic recruitment is prevalent which exacerbates local influences, loyalties and job buying in either high-drug cultivating or urban areas. To curb patronage, police officers are rotated to distant provinces but economic hardship is further increased when catering for large families with fewer breadwinners. The book concludes that the problems with police corruption and failure to combat it results in low public confidence and state illegitimacy which can support violent opposition groups to create further instability in war-torn societies.

Through pedagogical case studies and dialogues, this book sheds new light on concepts and boundaries in public sociology education. With sections on publics, special knowledges and practices in the field, the book offers bold thinking on important questions including the purposes and targets of sociological knowledge. The book begins with a focus on public sociology that demonstrates affinities with radical education practice and debates in the dialogue between public sociology and radical education at the edges of academia. It refers to a methodology which facilitates the critical dialogue between practitioners of public sociology and education. It then discusses the constitution of 'publics', production of sociological knowledge, and different contexts of pedagogical practice. Dialogue is central to the practices of public sociology education, and it is through this means that the book reflects on concepts and aspects of public sociology education linked by critical dialogue.

This book presents a crisis of religion and belief literacy to which education at every level is challenged to respond. As understanding different religions, beliefs and influences becomes increasingly important, the book fills a gap for a resource in bringing together the debates around religious literacy, from theoretical approaches to teaching and policy. The book begins with an overview of religion and belief literacy. Religion and belief literacy is both socialised and learnt. While treated in schools as a discrete and marginalised subject for children, it overlaps with citizenship and sex education. Thus, it will be experienced primarily in those ways rather than engaged with more openly as lived experiences around the world. The book shows that learning about religion and belief is a lifelong process. Crucially, learning happens in different combinations, in different orders, with different modes, for different purposes, and at different paces for each individual. This reflects the importance of connecting the chain of learning across all the spaces through which people pass in everyday life so that the fullest range of thinking and contestations about religion and belief landscapes are more or less consistently revealed in their complexity and by recognising the boundaries and competitions between ideas. The book provides a clear pathway for engaging well with religion and belief diversity in public and shared settings.

This book explores survivors’ experiences of sexual abuse, and their reflections on the sense of justice they feel, in order to inform the design of a programme of restorative justice services. By asking – does it have to be with the abuser? - this empirical research examines whether survivors of sexual abuse may wish to have a restorative justice process with those who cause them harm, other than their abusers – that is, with those who enable their abuse or the impact of it. This is an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), and extensive quotes from survivors are presented within the text. Three theoretical insights are reported: the complex, triangulated relationships of sexual abuse; the need for the act and the impact of abuse to be recognised and validated by others; and the role of narrative in survivors’ journey towards justice and healing, and how these are strengthened or challenged through the cycle of narrative development. Through an analytical commentary, these insights show how restorative justice processes with enablers of abuse may benefit survivors, as well as providing general information about sexual abuse, and combine to present the pyramid programme of restorative justice for survivors of sexual abuse. Best practice guidelines for the implementation of the programme are included. The book concludes by exploring what these radical propositions may mean for survivors, practitioners, and academics.

The feeding of human milk to socially and biologically unrelated infants is not a new phenomenon, but the Euroamerican values of individualism have generated expectations that mothers are individually responsible for feeding their own infants. Using a bio-communities of practice framework, this dynamic new analysis explores the emotional and material dimensions of the growing milk-sharing practice in the Global North and its implications for contemporary understandings of infant feeding in the United States. Ranging widely across themes of motherhood, gender and sociology, this is a compelling empirical account of infant feeding that stimulates new thinking about a contentious practice.

This book offers a new perspective on the theory of spectacle to explain the rise of Donald Trump and Trumpism in American society and politics. While Trump is inseparable from the existence of a mass consumer culture under capitalism, few have elaborated on that aspect of his identity and rise to the Presidency. Drawing on Guy Debord and his interlocutors, as well as others like Deleuze and Guattari and Walter Benjamin, this book conceptualizes spectacle as an embodied assemblage that includes the affective and emotional components of life amid a broader materialization of capitalism in the everyday landscape. Inspired by the methodology of Benjamin’s The Arcades Project, this book triangulates theories of the spectacle with (1) journalistic coverage of the 2016 Presidential campaign and its aftermath and (2) other journalistic coverage of contemporary consumer culture. Together, the spectacle appears as a bundle of intense feelings and sensations that enrol us into new relationships with commodities, technology and data, as well as the materiality of the consumer infrastructure itself, including built environments and the technologies therein. In total, we get a sense not only of how the State uses spectacle to govern, but how the spectacle came to transform the political sphere itself, thereby providing a context for Trumpism. The spectacle, then, leads not only to “post-truth” horizons, but more precise articulations with the far-right. As such, this book illuminates how Trump embodies the frightening potential of capitalist consumerism to intersect with and further enable fascistic forms of power.

Trafficking is a form of transnational crime that involves the illicit movement of goods and people around the world. Such global criminal markets take a variety of forms, and this book reviews six of them: trafficking in drugs, humans, wildlife, diamonds, arms, and antiquities. While there is a healthy literature on many of these types of trafficking, there is relatively little written that systematically compares and contrasts them. In doing that, this book allows us to lift the viewpoint above the details of each individual type of trafficking, to think theoretically about what they have in common. The book therefore serves two purposes. First, it is a primer and review of the main points of what we currently know about how each trafficking market works: who the traffickers are, what routines and structures are involved, what harm is caused, and the main types of regulation and control that attempt to constrain trafficking. Second, the text sets out a social theory of transnational markets, constituted and illustrated throughout by the empirical data reviewed. That theory ties the criminal practices of traffickers into the wider social promotion of a business-like mindset. This allows individuals and groups to compartmentalise the emotional and moral implications of illegal entrepreneurial profit generation, so that harmful action is seen as ‘just business’. As such, trafficking is rationalised by participants as comparable to the perceived amoral economic calculations of conventional business.

This book examines the factors affecting the health and wellbeing of young people as they transition to adulthood under the shadow of migration control. Drawing on unique longitudinal data, the book illuminates how they conceptualize wellbeing for themselves and others in contexts of prolonged and politically induced uncertainty. The book offers an in-depth analysis of the experiences of over one hundred unaccompanied young migrants, primarily from Afghanistan, Albania, and Eritrea. It shows the lengths these young people will go to in pursuit of safety, security, and the futures they aspire to. Interdisciplinary in nature, the book champions a new political economy analysis of wellbeing in the context of migration and demonstrates the urgent need for policy reform.